Sei mota dzinogara dziripo dzemagineti dzinoenderana dzichiva mota huru dzinofambisa?
Mota yemagetsi inogona kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi, uye kuendesa simba remagetsi kumavhiri kuburikidza nesystem yekufambisa mota kuti ityaire. Ndiyo imwe yenzira huru dzekutyaira mota itsva. Parizvino, mota dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari itsva dzine simba dzinosanganisira mota dzinogara dziripo dzemagineti dzinoenderana nemagetsi uye mota dzinogara dziripo dzeAC. Mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa mota dzinogara dziripo dzemagineti dzinoenderana nemagetsi. Makambani emotokari anomiririra mota anosanganisira BYD, Li Auto, nezvimwewo. Dzimwe mota dzinoshandisa mota dzinogara dziripo dzeAC. Mota dzemagetsi dzinomiririra makambani emotokari akadai seTesla neMercedes-Benz.
Mota isina simba rinoenderana nemagetsi inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne stator isingachinji uye rotor inotenderera. Kana stator winding yakabatana neAC power supply, rotor inotenderera uye inoburitsa simba. Nheyo huru ndeyekuti kana stator winding yawedzerwa simba (alternating current), inoumba rotating electromagnetic field, uye rotor winding i closed conductor inoramba ichicheka magnetic induction lines ye stator mumunda we stator unotenderera. Sekureva kwemutemo waFaraday, kana closed conductor ikacheka magnetic induction line, magnetic induction line inogadzirwa, uye electromagnetic field inogadzirwa. Panguva ino, kune minda miviri ye electromagnetic: imwe i stator electromagnetic field yakabatana ne external alternating current, uye imwe inogadzirwa nekucheka stator electromagnetic induction line. Rotor electromagnetic field. Sekureva kwemutemo waLenz, induced current inogara ichiramba chikonzero che induced current, ndiko kuti, kuedza kudzivirira conductors pa rotor kuti vasacheke magnetic induction lines ye stator's rotating magnetic field. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti: maconductor ari parotor "achabata" ne stator. Munda wemagetsi unotenderera zvinoreva kuti rotor inodzingirira simba remagineti rinotenderera re stator, uye pakupedzisira mota inotanga kutenderera. Munguva yekuita izvi, kumhanya kwekutenderera kwe rotor (n2) nekumhanya kwekutenderera kwe stator (n1) hazvina kuenderana (musiyano wekumhanya ungangoita 2-6%). Saka, inonzi asynchronous AC motor. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kumhanya kwekutenderera kwakafanana, inonzi synchronous motor.
Mota ine magineti inogara kwenguva refu imhando yemota yeAC. Rotor yayo yakagadzirwa nesimbi ine magineti anogara kwenguva refu. Kana mota ichishanda, stator inopihwa simba rekugadzira simba remagineti rinotenderera kuti isundire rotor kuti itenderere. "Kuenderana" zvinoreva kuti kutenderera kwerotor panguva yekushanda kwakasimba. Kumhanya kunowiriraniswa nekumhanya kwekutenderera kwesimba remagineti. Mota dzine magineti anogara kwenguva refu dzine chiyero chepamusoro chesimba-ku-huremu, diki muhukuru, dzakareruka muhuremu, dzine torque yakakura yekubuda, uye dzine kumhanya kwakanyanya uye kugona kubhureka. Naizvozvo, mota dzine magineti anogara kwenguva refu dzave mota yemagetsi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi. Zvisinei, kana zvinhu zvemagineti zvinogara kwenguva refu zvikakanganiswa, kupisa kwakanyanya uye overload current, magnetic permeability yayo inogona kudzikira, kana demagnetization inogona kuitika, izvo zvinogona kuderedza mashandiro emota ine magineti inogara kwenguva refu. Pamusoro pezvo, mota dzine magineti anogara kwenguva refu dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki, uye mutengo wekugadzira hauna kugadzikana.
Zvichienzaniswa nemamota ane magineti asingachinjiki anogara kwenguva refu, mamota asina kuchinjika anofanira kupinza simba remagetsi kuti afadze kana achishanda, izvo zvinotora simba remagetsi uye zvinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwemota. Mamota ane magineti asingachinjiki anogara kwenguva refu anodhura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera magineti asingachinjiki.
Mamodheru anosarudza mota dzeAC dzisiri dzemagetsi anowanzo tarisa mashandiro uye anoshandisa mukana wekubudirira kwemota dzeAC dzisiri dzemagetsi anomhanya anomhanya achienda mberi. Modheru inomiririra ndiyo yekutanga Model S. Zvinhu zvikuru: Kana mota ichityaira ichimhanya akakwira, inogona kuchengetedza kushanda nekukurumidza uye kushandisa simba remagetsi nemazvo, ichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba uku ichichengetedza simba guru rinobuda;
Mamodheru anosarudza mota dzinogara dzichishandisa magineti anowirirana anowanzo koshesa kushandiswa kwesimba uye anoshandisa simba rinobuda uye mashandiro akanaka emagineti anowirirana anowirirana nekumhanya kwakaderera, zvichiita kuti akwanise mota diki nepakati. Hunhu hwayo idiki, huremu hwakareruka, uye hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakareba. Panguva imwe chete, ine mashandiro akanaka ekudzora kumhanya uye inogona kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kana ikatarisana nekudzokororwa kwekutanga, kumira, kumhanyisa uye kudzikira kwekufambisa.
Mota dzemagetsi dzinogara dziripo dzinoshandisa magineti akafanana (Permanent magnet synchronous motors). Zvichienderana nenhamba dzinobva ku "New Energy Vehicle Industry Chain Monthly Database" dzakaburitswa neAdvanced Industry Research Institute (GGII), kugona kwemota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa magineti matsva kubva muna Ndira kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 2022 kwaive mayuniti angangoita 3.478 miriyoni, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe101%. Pakati padzo, kugona kwemota dzemagetsi dzinogara dziripo dzaive mayuniti 3.329 miriyoni, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe106%; kugona kwemota dzeAC asynchronous kwaive mayuniti 1.295 miriyoni, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe22%.
Mota dzinoshandisa magineti nguva dzose dzave mota huru dzinofambisa mota mumusika wemotokari dzemagetsi dzinotakura vanhu.
Tichitarisa kubva pakusarudzwa kwemota dzemhando dzemagetsi dziri munyika nekunze kwenyika, mota itsva dzemagetsi dzakatangwa neSAIC Motor, Geely Automobile, Guangzhou Automobile, BAIC Motor, Denza Motors, nezvimwewo, dzese dzinoshandisa mota dzemagetsi dzinogara dziripo. Mota dzemagetsi dzinogara dziripo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muChina. Chekutanga, nekuti mota dzemagetsi dzinogara dziripo dzine mashandiro akanaka ekumhanya kushoma uye dzinoshanda zvakanyanya, dzakakodzera mamiriro ekushanda akaomarara ane kutanga nekumira kakawanda mumaguta. Chechipiri, nekuda kwemagineti emagetsi esimbi ...
Tesla neBMW dzekunze dzinoshandisa mota dzinoenderana nemagnet dzinogara kwenguva refu uye mota dzinoenderana neAC kuti dzishande pamwe chete. Kubva pamaonero ekushandiswa, mota dzinoenderana nemagnet dzinogara kwenguva refu ndiyo inonyanya kusarudzwa pamotokari itsva dzine simba.
Mutengo wezvishandiso zvemagineti zvinogara kwenguva refu unoita 30% yemutengo wezvishandiso zvemagineti zvinogara kwenguva refu. Zvinhu zvekugadzira zvishandiso zvemagineti zvinogara kwenguva refu zvinosanganisira neodymium iron boron, silicon steel sheets, copper nealuminium. Pakati pazvo, neodymium iron boron inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira magineti anogara kwenguva refu erotor, uye mutengo wacho unenge 30%; silicon steel sheets inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Mutengo werotor core unenge 20%; mutengo we stator winding unenge 15%; mutengo we motor shaft unenge 5%; uye mutengo we motor shell unenge 15%.
Sei variOSG magineti emagetsi anotenderera anokwesha mhepo compressorinoshanda zvakanyanya here?
Mota yemagetsi inogara kwenguva refu ine magineti akafanana inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zve stator, rotor uye shell. Kufanana nemamota eAC akajairwa, stator core ine chimiro chakagadzirwa ne laminated kuti ideredze kurasikirwa kwesimbi nekuda kwe eddy current uye hysteresis effects kana mota ichishanda; ma windings anowanzo kuve ma three-phase symmetrical structures, asi sarudzo yema parameter yakasiyana zvikuru. Chikamu che rotor chine mafomu akasiyana, anosanganisira permanent magnet rotor ine starting squirrel cage, uye pure entire permanent magnet rotor yakaiswa pamusoro kana pamusoro. Rotor core inogona kugadzirwa kuita structure yakasimba kana laminated. Rotor ine zvinhu zvemagineti zvinogara kwenguva refu, zvinowanzonzi magnet.
Mukushanda kwakajairika kwemota yemagineti inogara kwenguva refu, minda yemagineti yerotor neye stator iri muchimiro che synchronous. Hapana induced current muchikamu cherotor, uye hapana rotor copper loss, hysteresis, kana eddy current loss. Hapana chikonzero chekufunga nezvedambudziko rekurasikirwa kwerotor nekupisa. Kazhinji, mota yemagineti inogara kwenguva refu inofambiswa ne special frequency converter uye ine soft start function. Pamusoro pezvo, mota yemagineti inogara kwenguva refu imota inoenderana, ine hunhu hwekugadzirisa power factor kuburikidza nesimba re excitation, saka power factor inogona kugadzirwa kune kukosha kwakatsanangurwa.
Kubva pakutanga, nekuda kwekuti mota yemagineti inogara kwenguva refu inotangwa nemagetsi anochinja-chinja kana kuti inverter inotsigira, kutanga kwemota yemagineti inogara kwenguva refu kuri nyore kwazvo; kwakafanana nekutanga kwemota inochinja-chinja, uye kunodzivisa zvikanganiso zvemota dzakajairika dzecage asynchronous.
Muchidimbu, kushanda nesimba kwemota dzemagineti dzinogara kwenguva refu kunogona kusvika pakakwirira, chimiro chayo chiri nyore kwazvo, uye musika wanga uchipisa zvikuru mumakore gumi apfuura.
Zvisinei, kurasikirwa nekukundikana kwekukurudza idambudziko risingadzivisike mumamota emagetsi anogaroshanda. Kana magetsi akawandisa kana tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya, tembiricha yemawinding emota inokwira ipapo ipapo, magetsi anokwira zvakanyanya, uye magineti anogaroshanda acharasikirwa nekukurumidza nekukurudza. Mukutonga kwemota yemagetsi inogaroshanda, mudziyo wekudzivirira magetsi anodarika mwero unoiswa kudzivirira dambudziko rekutsva kwemota, asi kurasikirwa nekukurudza uye kudzima kwemidziyo hazvidzivisike.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2023
