Chii chinonzi michina inobva mumhepo? Ndeipi michina iripo?

Chii chinonzi michina inobva mumhepo? Ndeipi michina iripo?

Midziyo inobva kumhepo ndiyo inogadzira mhepo yakamanikidzwa - compressor yemhepo (air compressor). Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemacompressor emhepo, akajairika ndeemhando yepiston, mhando yecentrifugal, mhando yescrew, mhando yesliding vane, mhando yescroll nezvimwewo.
Mhepo inobuda mumhepo ine compressor ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinosvibisa zvakaita sehunyoro, mafuta neguruva. ​​Midziyo yekuchenesa inofanirwa kushandiswa kubvisa zvinosvibisa izvi nemazvo kudzivirira kuti zvisakuvadze mashandiro enguva dzose epneumatic system.

Midziyo yekuchenesa mhepo izwi rinowanzo shandiswa pakushandisa michina yakasiyana-siyana. Midziyo yekuchenesa mhepo inowanzo shandiswawo pakugadzira mushure mekushandisa muindasitiri, kazhinji ichireva matangi ekuchengetera gasi, maomesa, mafirita, nezvimwewo.
● tangi remhepo
Basa retangi rekuchengetera gasi nderekubvisa kumanikidzwa kwemhepo, kushandisa kuwedzera kwemhepo uye kutonhora kwechisikigo kuderedza tembiricha, kuparadzanisa hunyoro nemafuta mumhepo yakamanikidzwa, uye kuchengetedza huwandu hwakati hwegasi. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona kuderedza kusawirirana kwekuti kushandiswa kwemhepo kwakakura kupfuura huwandu hwemhepo inobuda yecompressor yemhepo munguva pfupi. Kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuchengetedza mhepo kwenguva pfupi kana compressor yemhepo ikakundikana kana simba radzimwa, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti michina yepneumatic yakachengeteka.

●Muchina wekuomesa mhepo

Kuomesa mhepo yakamanikidzwa, sezvinoreva zita racho, rudzi rwemichina yekubvisa mvura yemhepo yakamanikidzwa. Kune michina miviri inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekuomesa nekuisa mvura mufiriji, pamwe chete nemichina yekuchenesa mhepo ine deliquescent uye michina yepolymer membrane. Kuomesa mufiriji ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukushandisa mvura yakamanikidzwa, uye inowanzo shandiswa panguva dzine zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro yemhepo. Kuomesa mufiriji kunoshandisa hunhu hwekuti kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemvura mumhepo yakamanikidzwa kunoenderana nekupisa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kuita kutonhora, kushaya mvura uye kuomesa. Kuomesa mufiriji kwakamanikidzwa kunowanzo nzi "kuomesa mufiriji" muindasitiri. Basa rayo guru nderekuderedza huwandu hwemvura mumhepo yakamanikidzwa, ndiko kuti, kuderedza "tembiricha yedova" yemhepo yakamanikidzwa. Muhurongwa hwemhepo yakamanikidzwa mumaindasitiri, ndeimwe yemichina inodiwa yekuomesa nekuchenesa mhepo yakamanikidzwa (inozivikanwawo se post-processing).

1 musimboti wekutanga

Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inogona kuzadzisa chinangwa chekubvisa utsi hwemvura kuburikidza nekudzvanya, kutonhora, kunyudza uye dzimwe nzira. Kuomesa nechando inzira yekutonhodza. Tinoziva kuti mhepo yakamanikidzwa necompressor yemhepo ine magasi akasiyana-siyana uye utsi hwemvura, saka imhepo ine hunyoro. Hunyoro hwemhepo ine hunyoro hunowanzoenderana nekumanikidzwa, kureva kuti, kana kumanikidzwa kwakakwira, hunyoro hushoma. Mushure mekunge kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwawedzera, utsi hwemvura mumhepo hunopfuura huwandu hunogona kuungana huchipinda mumvura (ndiko kuti, huwandu hwemhepo yakamanikidzwa hunova hudiki uye hahugone kubata utsi hwemvura hwepakutanga).

Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana tichienzanisa nemhepo yakafemerwa pakutanga, hunyoro hunova hushoma (pano zvinoreva kudzoka kwechikamu ichi chemhepo yakamanikidzwa kumamiriro asina kumanikidzwa).

Zvisinei, mhepo inobuda mumhepo inonzi air compressor ichiri mhepo yakamanikidzwa, uye huwandu hwemvura iri mumhepo iyi huri pahuwandu hwakanyanya, kureva kuti, iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara egasi nemvura. Mhepo yakamanikidzwa panguva ino inonzi mamiriro akazara, saka chero bedzi yakamanikidzwa zvishoma, mvura inoshanduka pakarepo kubva pamamiriro egasi kuenda kumamiriro emvura, kureva kuti, mvura inomanikidzwa.

Tichifunga kuti mhepo imvura yakanyorova yakanwa mvura, hunyoro hwayo imvura yakanwa. Kana mvura ikasvinwa kubva muchipanji nechisimba, hunyoro hwechipanji hunenge hwakaderera. Kana ukarega chipanji chichipora, chinenge chaoma kupfuura chipanji chepakutanga. Izvi zvinozadzisawo chinangwa chekubvisa mvura nekuomesa nekudzvanya.
Kana pasina simba rakawanda mushure mekusvika pane rimwe simba panguva yekudzvanya chipanji, mvura inomira kusvinwa, inova mamiriro ekuguta. Ramba uchiwedzera simba rekusvina, uye mvura ichiri kuyerera.

Saka, muviri we air compressor pachawo une basa rekubvisa mvura, uye nzira inoshandiswa ndeyekudzvanya, asi ichi hachisi chinangwa che air compressor, asi mutoro "wakaipa".

Sei "pressurization" isingashandiswe senzira yekubvisa mvura kubva mumhepo yakamanikidzwa? Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekushandisa simba shoma, zvichiwedzera kumanikidzwa ne1 kg. Kushandisa simba rinosvika 7% hakudhuri zvakanyanya.

Kubvisa mvura "inotonhodza" kunodhura zvishoma, uye muchina wekuomesa mufiriji unoshandisa musimboti mumwe chete wekubvisa hunyoro hwemhepo inotonhodza kuti uzadzise chinangwa. Nekuti huwandu hwemvura yakasviba ine muganho, mukumanikidzwa kwemhepo (2MPa), zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwemvura mumhepo yakasviba hunoenderana chete nekupisa uye hahuna chekuita nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo.

Kana tembiricha yakakwira, huwandu hwemvura mumhepo yakazara hunowedzera, uye mvura yakawanda inozovapo. Kusiyana neizvi, kana tembiricha yakadzikira, mvura shoma (izvi zvinogona kunzwisiswa kubva pakufunga kwakajairika muhupenyu, chando chakaoma uye chinotonhora, zhizha rinopisa uye rine hunyoro).

Tonhodza mweya wakamanikidzwa kusvika patembiricha yakaderera sezvinobvira kuderedza huwandu hwemvura iri mauri uye kugadzira "condensation", unganidza madonhwe madiki emvura anoumbwa nekumanikidzwa uye uabudise, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekubvisa hunyoro mumhepo yakamanikidzwa.

Nekuti zvinosanganisira maitiro ekunyorovesa mvura uye kunyorovesa mumvura, tembiricha haifanirwe kunge yakaderera pane "nzvimbo yechando", zvikasadaro chiitiko chekunyorovesa mvura hachizobudisi mvura zvakanaka. Kazhinji "tembiricha ye pressure dew point" ye freezer dryer inonyanya kuva 2~10°C.

Semuenzaniso, "nzvimbo yekudzikisa simba" pa10°C ye0.7MPa inoshandurwa kuita "nzvimbo yekudzikisa simba" kusvika -16°C. Zvinogona kunzwisiswa kuti kana ikashandiswa munzvimbo isiri pasi pe -16°C, hapazovi nemvura kana mhepo yakamanikidzwa yapera mumhepo.

Nzira dzese dzekubvisa mvura nemhepo yakamanikidzwa dzinongooma zvishoma, dzichisangana nekuoma kwakati. Hazvibviri kubvisa hunyoro zvachose, uye hazvina mari yakawanda kuramba uchioma kupfuura zvinodiwa pakushandisa.
2 musimboti wekushanda

Muchina wekuomesa mhepo inotonhodza mhepo inomanikidzwa kuti iite madonhwe emvura ari mumhepo inomanikidzwa, kuitira kuti pave nechinangwa chekuderedza hunyoro hwemhepo inomanikidzwa.
Madonhwe akavharirwa anoburitswa mumuchina kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekudhonza mvura otomatiki. Chero bedzi tembiricha yemupombi iri pasi pemvura panzvimbo inobuda mhepo yekuomesa isiri pasi petembiricha yedova panzvimbo inobuda mhepo yekuomesa, kudziya kwemvura kwechipiri hakuzoitiki.

3 mashandiro ebasa

Maitiro emhepo yakamanikidzwa:
Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inopinda mumhepo inochinja kupisa (preheater) [1], iyo inotanga kuderedza tembiricha yemhepo yakamanikidzwa inopisa zvakanyanya, uye yozopinda muFreon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2], uko mhepo yakamanikidzwa inotonhodzwa nekukurumidza zvikuru, kuderedza tembiricha kusvika patembiricha yedova, uye mvura yakaparadzaniswa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa zvinoparadzaniswa muchikamu chemvura [3], uye mvura yakaparadzaniswa inoburitswa mumuchina nemudziyo wekubvisa mvura otomatiki.

Mhepo yakamanikidzwa uye firiji inodziya zvishoma mu evaporator [2]. Panguva ino, tembiricha yemhepo yakamanikidzwa yakaderera zvikuru, inenge yakaenzana netembiricha ye dova ye 2 ~ 10°C. Kana pasina chinodiwa chakakosha (ndiko kuti, hapana chinodiwa chetembiricha yakaderera yemhepo yakamanikidzwa), kazhinji mhepo yakamanikidzwa inodzokera kumhepo inopisa (preheater) [1] kuti ichinje kupisa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa inopisa zvakanyanya ichangopinda mu cold dryer. Chinangwa chekuita izvi:

① Shandisa zvinobudirira "kutonhodza marara" emhepo yakaomeswa yakamanikidzwa kuti utonhodze mhepo yakamanikidzwa inopisa zvakanyanya ichangobva kupinda mufiriji, kuitira kuderedza mutoro wefiriji yefiriji;

② Dzivirira matambudziko echipiri akadai sekuoma kwemvura, kudonha kwemvura, uye ngura kunze kwepombi yekumashure inokonzerwa nemhepo yakaomeswa ine tembiricha yakaderera.

Maitiro ekuisa mufiriji:

Freon inotonhorera inopinda mucompressor [4], uye mushure mekudzvanywa, kumanikidzwa kunowedzera (uye tembiricha inowedzerawo), uye kana yakakwira zvishoma pane kumanikidzwa kuri mucondenser, utsi hwe refrigerant hunomanikidzwa zvakanyanya hunoburitswa mucondenser [6]. Mucondenser, utsi hwe refrigerant patembiricha yepamusoro uye kumanikidzwa hunochinjana kupisa nemhepo patembiricha yakaderera (kutonhodza kwemhepo) kana mvura inotonhodza (kutonhodza kwemvura), nokudaro zvichiita kuti Freon inotonhodza mucondenser ive mvura.

Panguva ino, refrigerant yemvura inopinda muFreon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2] kuburikidza necapillary tube/expansion valve [8] kuti ideredze kudzvanywa (inotonhodza) uye itore kupisa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa iri mu evaporator kuti ipfuure. Chinhu chinofanira kutonhodzwa - mhepo yakamanikidzwa inotonhodzwa, uye utsi hwe refrigerant hwakapfava hunotorwa necompressor kuti utange kutenderera kunotevera.

Refrigerant inopedzisa kutenderera kuburikidza nematanho mana ekudzvanya, kupfava, kuwedzera (kupwanya), uye kupwanya muhurongwa. Kuburikidza nekutenderera kunogara kuchitonhora, chinangwa chekuomesa mhepo yakamanikidzwa chinozadzikiswa.
Mabasa mana echikamu chimwe nechimwe
chinoshandiswa kupisa kwemhepo
Kuti mvura yakagayiwa isaumbwe pamadziro ekunze epombi yekunze, mhepo yakaomeswa nechando inobva mu evaporator yochinjana kupisa zvakare nemhepo inopisa, inopisa uye ine hunyoro yakamanikidzwa mumhepo inopisa. Panguva imwe chete, tembiricha yemhepo inopinda mu evaporator inodzikira zvikuru.

kuchinjana kupisa
Refrigerant inonwisa kupisa uye inokura mu evaporator, ichichinja kubva pakuva mamiriro emvura kuenda pakuva mamiriro egasi, uye mweya wakamanikidzwa unotonhodzwa nekuchinjana kwekupisa, zvekuti utsi hwemvura mumhepo yakamanikidzwa hunochinja kubva pakuva mamiriro egasi kuenda pakuva mamiriro emvura.

chipatsanuri chemvura
Mvura inoyerera inoparadzaniswa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa iri muchikamu chemvura. Kana kushanda zvakanaka kwechikamu chemvura, chikamu chemvura inoyerera chinodzoka mumhepo yakamanikidzwa chishoma, uye pressure dew point yemhepo yakamanikidzwa inoderera.

kompresa
Refrigerant ine gasi inopinda mu compressor yefiriji uye inomanikidzwa kuti ive refrigerant ine gasi inodziya zvakanyanya uye ine pressure yakakwira.

vharuvhu yekupfuura
Kana tembiricha yemvura inonaya ikadzikira pasi penzvimbo yechando, chando chakavharika chichaita kuti chando chivharike. Vharuvhu yekudzikisa inogona kudzora tembiricha yekutonhodza uye kudzora nzvimbo yekudzikisa pressure dew patembiricha yakagadzikana (pakati pe1 ne6°C)

kondensata

Kondensata inoderedza tembiricha yemuchina wekutonhodza, uye muchina wekutonhodza unoshanduka kubva pakuva gasi rinopisa zvakanyanya kuenda pakuva mvura inotonhora zvishoma.

sefa
Sefa iyi inosefa tsvina iri mufiriji zvinobudirira.

Vharuvhu yeCapillary/Expansion
Mushure mekunge firiji yapfuura nepavharuvhu/vharuvhu yekuwedzera ye capillary, huwandu hwayo hunokura, tembiricha yayo inoderera, uye inova mvura inodziya ine tembiricha yakaderera, ine pressure shoma.

Chinoparadzanisa gasi nemvura
Sezvo refrigerant yemvura inopinda mucompressor ichizokonzera kuvhunduka kwemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwecompressor yerefrigerant, refrigerant gas-liquid separator inoita kuti refrigerant yemhepo ine gasi chete ndiyo inogona kupinda mucompressor yerefrigerant.

dhireni otomatiki
Dhireni iyi inoburitsa mvura yakasanganiswa pasi pemuchina inobuda mumuchina nguva nenguva.

kuomesa

Muchina wekuomesa une firiji une zvakanakira zvechimiro chidiki, kushandiswa zviri nyore uye kugadziriswa, uye mari shoma yekugadzirisa. Wakakodzera nguva apo tembiricha yemhepo yakamanikidzwa isiri yakaderera zvakanyanya (pamusoro pe0°C).
Muchina wekuomesa mvura unoshandisa desiccant kubvisa hunyoro nekuomesa mhepo yakamanikidzwa inomanikidzwa kuyerera. Michina yekuomesa mvura inodzoreredzwa inowanzoshandiswa zuva nezuva.
● sefa
Mafirita akakamurwa kuita mafirita makuru epaipi, mafirita egasi-mvura, mafirita ekubvisa kunhuhwirira kwekabhoni, mafirita ekupisa utsi hwemhepo, nezvimwewo, uye mabasa awo ndeekubvisa mafuta, guruva, hunyoro nezvimwe tsvina mumhepo kuti pave nemhepo yakachena yakamanikidzwa. Mhepo.