Sisitimu yemhepo yakamanikidzwa, mupfungwa yakamanikana, inoumbwa nemidziyo inobva mumhepo, michina yekuchenesa mhepo uye mapaipi akafanana. Mupfungwa yakafara, zvikamu zvinobatsira zvemhepo, maactuator emhepo, zvikamu zvekudzora mhepo, zvikamu zvevacuum, nezvimwewo zvese zviri muchikamu chesisitimu yemhepo yakamanikidzwa. Kazhinji, michina yechiteshi checompressor yemhepo isisitimu yemhepo yakamanikidzwa mupfungwa yakamanikana. Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza chati yekuyerera kwesisitimu yemhepo yakamanikidzwa:
Midziyo inobva mumhepo (air compressor) inokweva mhepo, inodzvanya mhepo iri mumamiriro ayo echisikigo kuita mhepo yakamanikidzwa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye inobvisa hunyoro, mafuta nezvimwe tsvina mumhepo yakamanikidzwa kuburikidza nemichina yekuchenesa.
Mhepo iri muchisikigo inoumbwa nemusanganiswa wemagasi akasiyana-siyana (O₂, N₂, CO₂…nezvimwewo), uye mhute yemvura ndeimwe yacho. Mhepo ine huwandu hwakati hwemhute yemvura inonzi mhepo ine hunyoro, uye mhepo isina mhute yemvura inonzi mhepo yakaoma. Mhepo yakatipoteredza imhepo ine hunyoro, saka nzvimbo inoshanda yecompressor yemhepo imhepo ine hunyoro yechisikigo.
Kunyangwe huwandu hwemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro hushoma, huwandu hwayo hune simba guru pahunhu hwemhepo ine hunyoro. Muhurongwa hwekuchenesa mhepo yakamanikidzwa, kuomeswa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa ndeimwe yezvinhu zvikuru zvirimo.
Pasi pemamiriro ekupisa nekumanikidzwa kwakati, huwandu hwemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro (ndiko kuti, huwandu hwemvura ine hunyoro) hunogumira. Pakupisa kwakati, kana huwandu hwemvura iri mumhepo huchisvika pahuwandu hwakanyanya, mhepo ine hunyoro panguva ino inonzi mhepo yakaguta. Mhepo ine hunyoro isina huwandu hwakanyanya hwemvura inonzi mhepo isina hunyoro.
Panguva iyo mhepo isina kuguta inova mhepo yakaguta, madonhwe emvura anoungana mumhepo ine hunyoro, iyo inonzi "kuungana". Kuungana kwakajairika. Semuenzaniso, hunyoro hwemhepo hwakanyanya muzhizha, uye zviri nyore kugadzira madonhwe emvura pamusoro pepombi yemvura. Mangwanani echando, madonhwe emvura anoonekwa pamahwindo egirazi evagari. Izvi zvese zvinoumbwa nekutonhorera kwemhepo ine hunyoro pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakasimba. Lu mhedzisiro.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, tembiricha iyo mweya usina kuguta unosvika pakuzara inonzi dova point kana chikamu chekumanikidzwa kwemvura chikaramba chakafanana (ndiko kuti, huwandu hwemvura hwakazara hunoramba hwakafanana). Kana tembiricha yadzikira kusvika patembiricha yedova, pachava ne "condensation".
Nzvimbo ine dova remhepo ine hunyoro haingosanganisi chete nekupisa, asiwo ine chekuita nehuwandu hwehunyoro mumhepo ine hunyoro. Nzvimbo ine dova yakawanda ine mvura yakawanda, uye nzvimbo ine dova yakaderera ine mvura shoma.
Tembiricha yenzvimbo yedova inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira compressor. Semuenzaniso, kana tembiricha yekubuda kwecompressor yemhepo yakaderera zvakanyanya, musanganiswa wemafuta negasi unozobatana nekuda kwetembiricha yakaderera mubharero remafuta negasi, izvo zvinoita kuti mafuta ekuzora ave nemvura uye zvichikanganisa mhedzisiro yekuzora. Saka, tembiricha yekubuda kwecompressor yemhepo inofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti isave yakaderera pane tembiricha yenzvimbo yedova pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaringana.
Nzvimbo yedew yemumhepo inoreva tembiricha yedew point pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemhepo. Saizvozvowo, nzvimbo yedew yepressure zvinoreva tembiricha yedew point yemhepo inomanikidzwa.
Hukama hunoenderana pakati penzvimbo yepressure dew nenzvimbo yepressure dew yakajairika hunoenderana nechiyero chekumanikidzwa. Pasi penzvimbo yepressure dew imwe chete, chiyero chekumanikidzwa chakakura, ndipo panodzikira nzvimbo yepressure dew yakajairika.
Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inobuda mucompressor ine tsvina. Zvinosvibisa zvikuru ndeizvi: mvura (madonhwe emvura emvura, mhute yemvura uye utsi hwemvura hune gasi), mhute yemafuta inozora yakasara (madonhwe emafuta emhashu uye utsi hwemafuta), tsvina yakasimba (matope engura, upfu hwesimbi, rabha fines, tara nemidziyo yekusefa, upfu hwakatsetseka hwezvinhu zvinovhara, nezvimwewo), tsvina yemakemikari inokuvadza nezvimwe tsvina.
Mafuta ekuzora akaora achakanganisa rabha, mapurasitiki, nezvinhu zvinovhara, zvichikonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwemavharuvhu nezvinhu zvinosvibisa. Hunyoro neguruva zvichaita kuti zvikamu zvesimbi nemapaipi zvive nengura uye ngura, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvinofamba zvinamire kana kusakara, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvinofamba zvisashande zvakanaka kana kuti zvibude mhepo. Hunyoro neguruva zvichavharawo maburi anopinza kana mafirita. Mushure mechando zvinoita kuti paipi iome kana kutsemuka.
Nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwemhepo, kuvimbika uye hupenyu hwebasa remuchina wekufema zvinodzikira zvakanyanya, uye kurasikirwa kunowanzo pfuura mari yekubhadhara uye kugadzirisa kwemuchina wekuchenesa mhepo, saka zvakakosha kusarudza nemazvo sisitimu yekuchenesa mhepo.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvikuru zvinoita kuti hunyoro huvepo mumhepo yakamanikidzwa?
Chitubu chikuru chehunyoro mumhepo yakamanikidzwa imvura inosvutwa nemhepo inomanikidza pamwe chete nemhepo. Mushure mekunge mhepo ine hunyoro yapinda mumhepo inomanikidza, huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura hunosvinwa mumvura ine mvura panguva yekudzvanywa, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya hunyoro hwemhepo yakamanikidzwa panobuda mhepo inomanikidza.
Semuenzaniso, kana kumanikidzwa kwesystem kuri 0.7MPa uye hunyoro hwemhepo inofema huri 80%, kunyangwe mweya unomanikidzwa kubva mucompressor yemhepo wakazara nekumanikidzwa, kana ukachinjwa kuita mamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwemhepo usati wamanikidzwa, hunyoro hwayo hunongova 6 ~ 10%. Kureva kuti, hunyoro hwemhepo yakamanikidzwa hwadzikira zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, sezvo tembiricha ichidzikira zvishoma nezvishoma mupombi yegesi nemidziyo yegesi, mvura yakawanda icharamba ichidzika mumhepo yakamanikidzwa.
Kusvibiswa kwemafuta mumhepo yakamanikidzwa kunokonzerwa sei?
Mafuta ekuzora emuchina wemhepo unodzvanya mhepo, utsi hwemafuta nemadonhwe emafuta anosungirirwa mumhepo iri pedyo nemhepo uye mafuta ekuzora ezvikamu zvemhepo zviri muhurongwa ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemafuta mumhepo yakamanikidzwa.
Kunze kwemacompressor emhepo e centrifugal ne diaphragm, anenge macompressor ese emhepo ari kushandiswa parizvino (kusanganisira akasiyana-siyana macompressor emhepo asina mafuta) ane mafuta akasviba zvishoma (madonhwe emafuta, mhute yemafuta, utsi hwemafuta uye kuputika kwecarbon) mupaipi yegesi.
Kupisa kwakanyanya kwekamuri rekudzvanya recompressor yemhepo kuchaita kuti inenge 5% ~ 6% yemafuta ipfuure, itsemuke uye ioxidize, uye igare mumadziro emukati mepombi yecompressor yemhepo muchimiro chefirimu recarbon ne varnish, uye chikamu chechiedza chicharembera muchimiro che steam ne micro. Chimiro chezvinhu chinounzwa musystem nemhepo yakamanikidzwa.
Muchidimbu, kune masisitimu asingade zvinhu zvekuzora panguva yekushanda, mafuta ese nezvinhu zvekuzora zvakasanganiswa mumhepo yakamanikidzwa zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kuonekwa sezvinhu zvakasvibiswa nemafuta. Kune masisitimu anoda kuwedzera zvinhu zvekuzora panguva yekushanda, pendi yese inodzivirira ngura nemafuta ecompressor ari mumhepo yakamanikidzwa anoonekwa setsvina yekusvibiswa nemafuta.
Tsvina yakasimba inopinda sei mumhepo yakamanikidzwa?
Nzvimbo huru dzekusvibisa kwakasimba mumhepo yakamanikidzwa ndedzi:
①Mhepo yakapoteredza inosanganiswa netsvina dzakasiyana-siyana dzehukuru hwakasiyana. Kunyangwe kana pombi yekusveta compressor yemhepo ine sefa yemhepo, kazhinji tsvina ye "aerosol" iri pasi pe5 μm inogona kupinda mucompressor yemhepo nemhepo inofemedzwa, yakasanganiswa nemafuta nemvura mupombi yekuburitsa utsi panguva yekudzvanywa.
②Kana compressor yemhepo ichishanda, kukweshana nekusangana kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kukwegura nekudonha kwezvisimbiso, uye kupatsanurwa kwemafuta ekuzora pakupisa kwakanyanya kuchaita kuti zvidimbu zvakasimba zvakaita sesimbi, guruva rerabha uye kupatsanurwa kwecarbonaceous zviunzwe mupaipi yegesi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-18-2023
